patten



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

( o Model.)

P. J. PATTEN.

TELEGRAPHY.

No. 390,802. Patented Oct. 9, 1888.

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WITNESSES:

ATTORNEY.

N, PETERS. Phumilthognphcr. Washmglnn. u. c.

lUNITED STATES PATENT @FFICE F. JARVIS PATTEN, OF FORT SIDNEY, NEBRASKA.

TELEGRAPHY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 390,802, dated October9. 1888.

Application filed September 26, 1887. Serial No. 950,770. (X0 model.)

To aZZ whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, F. JARVIS PATTEN, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Fort Sidney, Nebraska, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in the Transmission of Signals by the Electric Telegraph, ofwhich the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a telegraphic system in which rapidlyalternatingcurrents are used as the transmitting agency, and embodies a system ofthis character provided with a novel receiving-instrument which willrespond to rapidly-alternating impulses, moving once for manyalternations of the transmitting current. The receiving-instrument mayact as a sounder or simply as a relay fora local circuit in which abattery and ordinary sounder may be used. The currents used are such asare generated by an alternate-current dynamo-electric machine, and arerendered independently of their fluctuating character as available fortelegraphic communication as prolonged currents of single direction.

The advantage of an alternating current for telegraphic signaling isthat the rapid and oftrepeated reversals of current on line, by reasonof the successive alternations, completely clear the line of anyresidual static charge de veloped by a precedent impulse. IVherestraight currents,or those of constant direction are used, the line-wirebecomes so heavily charged with induced static electricity that thereaction of the latter seriously interferes with rapid and efficientwork on the part of the operator. The receiving-instruments respond tothe discharge and produce false signals, thus confusing thereceiving-operator. This difficulty is so great in lines of anyconsiderable length that special measures are always adapted toneutralize as far as possible the deleterious effects. Artificial linesand expensive apparatus are called into use to accomplish this. By theuse of a rapidly-alternating signaling-current the dilficultydisappears, the discharge aiding the succeeding reverse impulse. The useof alternating currents heretofore for signaling has. been withpolarized relays as receiving-instruments. A single impulse must berelied upon to operate the receiver, or else the alternations must beslow enough to permit the relay to keep pace. In my system, however, thealternating impulses follow each other with great rapidity. Under thesecircumstances a polarized relay would remain quiescent, as the generatoris driven so fast that the magnet of the relay could not discharge orcharge sufficiently rapidly to correspond to the impulses. In my systemit is only when a series of opposite im pulses passes over line that areceiver will be affected.

Another advantage arises from the character of the receiver. As it onlyresponds to suecessive opposite current-impulses, any cross orentanglementof the signaling-line wire with other line wires cannotaffect it, unless that linewire also carries an alternating current.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a device, illustratingthe principle used. Fig. 2 represents the receiving apparatus. Fig. 3shows a circuit and a single transmitting and receiving station.

The apparatus I have designedis based upon the principle, so called, ofelectroinductive repulsion of closed coils or circuits when suchcircuits are placed in proper inductive relation to each other.

The apparatus shown in Fig. 1 will serve to illustrate the action abovedescribed.

An iron core shaped in the form of a cut ring has a coil, I I, woundupon its surface. A copper plate, I3, either solid or composed ofwashers laid over each other passes freely in the slot across the ring.The poles of the coil and core are thus brought close together, so as toproduce a strong field, in which the secondary closed circuit B can becontrolled.

If the copper plate be so placed in the slot that its center is notcoincident with the cen ter of the core of the ring, as shown in Fig. 1,and alternating currents are sent through the coils of the rings, thereis an immediate tendency to thrust the ring out of the slot, exceptingonly when the center of the plate is coincident with the centerof thecore.

The desideratum in regard to plate B is that any current induced in itshall find a closed circuit. In the form shown this is evidently thecase and said induced current can flow freely from one part of the plateto the other. The plate B is therefore a closed circuit for thesecondary or induced current, and this circuit is mounted in inductiveproximity to the core 0 and. coil I, and pivoted. so as to rock awayunder the influence of the alternating current.

In the apparatus, receiving-instrument, or relay I have designed thisdevice is made the basis of a receiver adapted to the transmission ofsignals by means of rapidly-alternating currents sent over the line bymeans of an ordinary key and through the coils of the receiver connectedin the usual way in a mainline telegraphic circuit. Fig. 2 representssuch a receiving apparatus or relay. The circular block or plate B ispoised in indifl'erent equilibrium upon an upright arm or lever, 1, uponwhich it is free to move about the hinge at h. At the base of the lever1 two arms project at right angles to the upright lever, and these areprovided with stops 7c and k, that come in bearing at r and 0 when thelever is moved both ways, so as to throw the plate B in and out of theslot cut into the ring 0, in which it is partially inserted. Theright-hand stop, is so adjusted that the plate B cannot enter the slotfar enough to make its center coincident with that of the core, and theother stop has such adjustment that when in bearing the soft-ironarmature a, secured to the upright lever Z, is not removed beyond theeffective attraction of the electromagnet m, the function of which willbe explained later.

The upright P carries the cut-ring and alternate-current induction-coilI. It also carries an ordinary electro-magnet, m m, whose coils areincluded-in a separate battery-circuit, and this magnet is so placed inthe upright that when the righthand contact, 7c, is in hearing at (1 itsarmature a does not come in contact with the magnet-pole. The stops arefurther so adjusted that when the right-hand stop is in bearing theleverZinclinesbutslightly to the right of the vertical position, and isheld there by its own weight as well as the attraction of the magnet mexerted upon the armature a.

The terminals of the induction-coil I are connected in the main line aof the telegraphic circuit, (see Fig. 3,) and if, therefore, connectionis made by means of a key, f, at a distant station with analternating-current dynamoelectric generator, 9, placed in theline-circuit by operation of the key alternating-currents will be throwninto the coils I through the main line wire, and this current throughits inductive effect will give rise to an immediate repulsive effortexerted upon the plate B to force it out-of the slot and bring theleft-hand contact, k, in bearing against the anvil 1' with an audibleclick. This contact may be made to close a local circuit, or theapparatus itself by proper mounting may be used as an ordinary sounder.Instantly upon breaking the circuit at the sending-station the inductiveaction upon B ceases, and the magnet m, drawing its armature a,bringsthe right-hand contact, 7c, in bearing at 0.

The electric transmission of telegraphic signals by continuouslyalternating currents is thus rendered possible. At the differentstations of the line alternating-current dynamoelectric generatorsproducing many alternations of current per second are used as the sourceof electric energy instead of a battery, being connected, like thelatter, through an ordinary telegraph-key to the line, so that by makingthe ordinary Morse signals the alternating currents of the generator aremomeutarily switched from an earth or closed-circuit connection andthrown into the main line during the time that any key closes themainline circuit.

I am aware that an electro-magnet adapted to operate a movable inductivepart per se, is not new, as such a device is shown in Letters Patent No.363,186, Figs. 9, 21, and 22. My invention embodies the application ofrapidlyalternating currents to signaling systems and renders the use oflong lines practicable.

Having thus described my invention,what I claim, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, 1s

1. In a telegraph system, the combination of a circuit, analternatingcurrent generator at one station, a key for controlling thealternating transmittingcurrent developed by said generator, and areceiving-instrument at a distant station, comprising an electro-magnetand a signaling device carrying an inductive part in operative relationto said magnet, whereby, when alternating currents are passed throughthe electro-magnet, the inductive part will be acted upon.

2. In a telegraph system, the combination of a circuit, analternatingcurrent generator at one station, a key for controlling thealternating transmittirig-current developed by said generator, and areceiving-instrument at a distant station, comprising an electro-magnetand a signaling device carrying an armature in operative relation tosaid magnet,whereby, when alternating currents are passed through theelectro-magnet, the armature will be acted upon.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have hereuntosubscribed my name, in the presence of two witnesses, this 20th day ofSeptember, 1887.

F. JARVIS PATTEN.

Witnesses:

M. Conn, J. GUTFREUND.

IIO

